Cambios en el estilo de vida de mujeres mastectomizadas / Lifestyle Changes in Mastectomized Women

Introducción: La mastectomía es una transformación dolorosa, con diversas repercusiones emocionales. La mujer que se enfrenta a este proceso a consecuencia del cáncer, se encuentra en una posición difícil, con pocas opciones, al considerar las posibilidades de continuar con su existencia y los cambios que esto implica. Objetivo: Conocer los cambios de estilo de vida que experimentan las mujeres con cáncer de mama después de la mastectomía. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo con diseño interpretativo, realizado en la Unidad de Oncología del Hospital Regional de Lambayeque, Chiclayo, Perú, de enero a junio de 2021. Por muestreo no probabilístico, fueron seleccionadas seis mujeres mastectomizadas, mayores de 18 años, con seguimiento en consulta mayor de un año y un familiar conviviente mayor de 18 años. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante entrevista semiestructurada y fueron analizados según el modelo de adaptación de Callista Roy. Resultados: La información recogida se categorizó, en correspondencia a cada elemento del modelo de adaptación de Callista Roy, en: necesidad fisiológica, cambios en la alimentación, dominio de rol, cambios en el rol de madre y esposa, y en interdependencia: las relaciones con los que la rodean (amigos, familia) y el aspecto laboral-profesional. Se destacaron cambios drásticos en la selección de alimentos, aislamiento, reducción de actividades; efecto en la carga laboral; importancia del apoyo familiar. Conclusión: El cáncer y la mastectomía exigen adaptaciones en la paciente y la familia. Sin embargo, ocurren transformaciones afectivas, que mueven sentimientos, valoración, admiración y acercamiento, que refuerzan los vínculos de pareja, familiares y de amigos, tan necesarios para lidiar con el proceso(AU)

Introduction: Mastectomy is a painful transformation, with diverse emotional repercussions. The woman who faces this process as a consequence of cancer finds herself in a difficult position, with few options, when considering the possibilities of continuing with her existence and the changes this implies. Objective: To know the lifestyle changes experienced by women with breast cancer after mastectomy. Methods: Qualitative study with interpretative design, conducted in the Oncology Unit of the Regional Hospital of Lambayeque, Chiclayo, Peru, from January to June 2021. By non-probabilistic sampling, six mastectomized women, older than 18 years, with a follow-up in consultation of more than one year and a cohabiting relative older than 18 years were selected. The data were obtained by semi-structured interview and were analyzed according to Callista Roy's adaptation model. Results: The information collected was categorized, according to each element of Callista Roy's adaptation model, as follows: physiological need, changes in diet, role dominance, changes in the role of mother and wife, and interdependence: relationships with those around her (friends, family) and the work-professional aspect. Drastic changes in food selection, isolation, reduction of activities; effect on workload; importance of family support were highlighted. Conclusion: Cancer and mastectomy require adaptations in the patient and family. However, emotional transformations occur, which move feelings, appreciation, admiration and closeness, which reinforce the couple, family and friends bonds, so necessary to deal with the process(AU)

Efficacy of serratus anterior plane block versus thoracic paravertebral block for postoperative analgesia after breast cancer surgery - a randomized trial

Abstract Background Breast cancer surgery is associated with considerable acute post-surgical pain and restricted mobility. Various regional and neuraxial anesthesia techniques have been used to alleviate post-mastectomy pain. Ultrasound-guided serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) has been considered a simple and safe technique. This randomized control study was performed to compare the efficacy of SAPB with the thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) for postoperative analgesia after breast cancer surgery. Methods A total of 40 adult ASA physical status I - II female patients undergoing radical mastectomy were randomly allocated into two groups to receive either ultrasound-guided TPVB or SAPB with 0.4 mL.kg-1 0.5% ropivacaine, 30 min before surgery. All patients received standardized general anesthesia for surgery. Injection diclofenac and tramadol were used for postoperative rescue analgesia. The time to first rescue analgesia, total analgesic consumption in the first 24 hours, postoperative pain scores, and any adverse effects were recorded. Results The time to first rescue analgesia was significantly longer in the SAPB group (255.3 ± 47.8 min) as compared with the TPVB group (146.8 ± 30.4 min) (p< 0.001). Total diclofenac consumption in 24 hours was also less in the SAPB group (138.8 ± 44.0 mg vs 210.0 ± 39.2 mg in SAPB and TPVB group respectively, p< 0.001). Postoperative pain scores were significantly lower in the SAPB group as compared with TPVB group (p< 0.05). The incidence of PONV was also less in the SAPB group (p= 0.028). No block-related adverse effects were reported. Conclusion We found that the serratus anterior plane block was more effective than the thoracic paravertebral block for postoperative analgesia after breast cancer surgery.

Incidência e fatores associados a complicações em feridas operatórias de mulheres mastectomizadas / Incidence and factors associated with complications in surgical wounds of women after mastectomy / Incidencia y factores asociados a complicaciones en heridas quirúrgicas de mujeres mastectomizadas

Objetivo: descrever a incidência de complicações em feridas operatórias de mastectomia e identificar fatores associados. Método: estudo retrospectivo desenvolvido em uma coorte hospitalar de 545 mulheres mastectomizadas por câncer de mama no ano 2018 em um centro de assistência de alta complexidade em oncologia da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, após aprovação por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Os dados foram coletados a partir dos prontuários, permitindo cálculos da taxa de incidência e da razão da taxa de incidência para cada complicação. Resultados: a complicação que apresentou maior taxa de incidência foi o sangramento (57,14/100 mastectomias-dia), tendo como fatores associados a raça/cor da pele não branca (Razão da Taxa de Incidência: 3,11) e a diabetes mellitus (Razão da Taxa de Incidência: 0,48). Conclusão: os fatores associados ao sangramento da ferida operatória apontam para a necessidade de novas práticas no cuidado ao pós-operatório de mulheres mastectomizadas.

Objective: to describe the incidence of complications in mastectomy surgical wounds and to identify associated factors. Method: this retrospective study was conducted in a hospital cohort of 545 women mastectomized for breast cancer in 2018 at a high-complexity cancer care center Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil, after approval by the research ethics committee. Data were collected from medical records, allowing incidence rate and incidence rate ratio to be calculated for each complication. Results: the complication with the highest incidence rate was bleeding (57.14/100 mastectomies-day), associated factors being non-white race/skin color (incidence rate ratio 3.11) and diabetes mellitus (incidence rate ratio 0.48). Conclusion: the factors associated with bleeding from the surgical wound point to the need for new practices in post-operative care for women with mastectomies.

Objetivo: describir la incidencia de complicaciones en heridas quirúrgicas de mastectomía e identificar factores asociados. Método: estudio retrospectivo desarrollado en una cohorte hospitalaria de 545 mujeres mastectomizadas por cáncer de mama en 2018 en un centro de atención de alta complejidad en oncología de la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, previa aprobación del Comité de Ética en Investigación. Los datos se obtuvieron de las historias clínicas, lo que permitió calcular la tasa de incidencia y el cociente de la tasa de incidencia para cada complicación. Resultados: la complicación que presentó mayor tasa de incidencia fue el sangrado (57,14 / 100 mastectomías-día), con factores asociados a la raza / color de piel no blanca (índice de tasa de incidencia: 3,11) y diabetes mellitus (índice de tasa de incidencia: 0,48). Conclusión: los factores asociados al sangrado de la herida quirúrgica apuntan a la necesidad de nuevas prácticas en el cuidado al postoperatorio de las mujeres con mastectomía.

Síndrome de dolor crónico postmastectomía: ¿qué podemos hacer en el período perioperatorio para disminuir su incidencia? / Postmastectomy chronic pain syndrome: what can we do to reduce the incidence?

El síndrome de dolor crónico postmastectomía es frecuente en pacientes sometidas a cirugía por cáncer de mamas, llegando a ser invalidante en casos severos. Existen distintos factores de riesgo para que éste se presente, siendo el dolor agudo postoperatorio el único en el cual podemos intervenir. La importancia de implementar estrategias de prevención en el periodo perioperatorio es fundamental. En la mantención de la anestesia general, la utilización de propofol se asocia con menor incidencia de dolor agudo postoperatorio. El uso de anestésicos locales, ya sea por vía tópica, subcutánea y sistémica, ha demostrado su beneficio para disminuir el dolor agudo. No obstante, solo el uso tópico y endovenoso ha sido útil para reducir el dolor hasta 3 meses postcirugía. Técnicas de analgesia regional, como el bloqueo PEC I y II, bloqueo paravertebral y bloqueo del erector de la espina han demostrado ser útiles para reducir el dolor agudo; pero solo el bloqueo paravertebral ha demostrado su utilidad en reducir el dolor hasta 1 año postcirugía. El uso de gabapentina, pregabalina y ketamina desde el periodo preoperatorio disminuyen la incidencia de dolor agudo postoperatorio. En tanto, la venlafaxina y dexmedetomidina demostraron su utilidad para reducir el dolor crónico.

Postmastectomy chronic pain syndrome is common in patients undergoing surgery for breast cancer, becoming invalidating in severe cases. There are different risk factors for this to occur, with acute post-operative pain being the only one in which we can intervene. The importance of implementing prevention strategies in the perioperative period is essential. In the maintenance of general anesthesia, the use of propofol is associated with a lower incidence of acute post-operative pain. The use of local anesthetics, whether topically, subcutaneously and systemically, has shown its benefit in reducing acute pain. However, only topical and endovenous use has been useful to reduce pain up to 3 months after surgery. Regional analgesia techniques, such as PEC I and II block, paravertebral block, and spinal erector block have been shown to reduce acute pain; but only the paravertebral block has shown its usefulness in reducing pain up to 1 year after surgery. The use of gabapentin, pregabalin and ketamine from the preoperative period reduce the incidence of acute postoperative pain. Meanwhile, venlafaxine and dexmedetomidine proved useful in reducing chronic pain.

Ginecomastia una realidad subestimada: serie de casos / Gynecomasty an underestimated reality: a case series

Introducción: La ginecomastia es una patología benigna frecuente pero muy poco estudiada, caracterizada por el desarrollo de la mama en el hombre dándole una apariencia femenina, lo que puede ocasionar estrés emocional y a su vez retrasa o evita que el paciente acuda a consulta médica especializada. Debido a que no se acompaña de signos de malignidad, la mayoría de médicos generales sólo la consideran una alteración estética; sin embar-go, el tratamiento quirúrgico de fácil realización ayuda al paciente a restaurar su autoestima.Presentación de casos: Durante el periodo febrero ­ noviembre del 2019 se presentaron ocho casos de gineco-mastia que corresponde a la cuarta causa más frecuente de procedimientos quirúrgicos en el Hospital General Quevedo IESS. La edad de los pacientes se ubicó entre 17 y 30 años. El tratamiento quirúrgico de elección fue mastectomía subcutánea. El promedio de estancia hospitalaria fue de 1.3 días, el tiempo de retiro de drenaje as-pirativo fue entre el tercer y quinto día y la complicación quirúrgica más frecuente (50%) fue el seroma.Conclusiones: Esta serie de casos demuestra la importancia del diagnóstico de la ginecomastia, del tratamiento quirúrgico subcutáneo y el cuidado post-quirúrgico para lograr equilibrio biopsicosocial del individuo. Aunque hace falta más evidencia, en lo posible se debería realizar mastectomías subcutáneas que carecen de complica-ciones quirúrgicas graves.

Background: Gynecomastia is a common but little studied benign pathology, characterized by the development of the breast in men giving it a feminine appearance, which can cause emotional stress and in turn delays or prevents the patient from going to a specialized medical consultation. Because it is not accompanied by signs of malignancy, most general practitioners consider it only an aesthetic alteration; however, the easy-to-perform surgical treatment helps the patient restore self-esteem.Cases presentation: Case series: During the period February - November 2019, there were 8 cases of gynecomas-tia, which corresponds to the fourth most frequent cause of surgical procedures at the General Hospital of Quevedo IESS. The age of the patients was between 17 and 30 years. The surgical treatment of choice was subcutaneous mastectomy. The mean hospital stay was 1.3 days, the suction drain removal time was between the third and fifth day, and the most frequent surgical complication (50%) was seroma. Conclusions: This series of cases demonstrates the importance of gynecomastia diagnosis, subcutaneous surgi-cal treatment and post-surgical care to achieve bio-psycho-social balance of the individual. Although more eviden-ce is needed, subcutaneous mastectomies that lack serious surgical complications should be performed whenever possible.

Secuelas morfo-funcionales en mujeres operadas de cáncer de mama en las regiones de la Araucanía y del Bío-Bío, Chile / Morphofunctional consequences in women operated for breast cancer of the region of Araucanía and Bío-Bío, Chile

El tratamiento quirúrgico del cáncer de mama puede dejar secuelas tardías tales como escápula alada, pérdida de movilidad articular del hombro, sobrepeso, etc. Basado en lo anterior, el objetivo del presente estudio fue describir las secuelas morfofuncionales en mujeres operadas de cáncer de mama de las regiones de la Araucanía y del Bío-Bío, Chile, explorando también si el procedimiento quirúrgico conllevaría a la presencia de escápula alada. Para ello, se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, observacional y de corte transversal en treinta mujeres operadas de cáncer de mama, de edades comprendidas entre 28 y 76 años (55,67±11,60). Un profesional entrenado evaluó peso, estatura, índice de masa corporal (IMC), índice de cintura cadera (ICC), rangos articulares de hombro (ROM, Range of Movement) y fuerza prensil, aplicándose además la prueba de Hoppenfeld para identificar escápula alada. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en el ROM a la abducción de hombro (p<0,05), correlación significativa positiva de leve (r=0,370) a moderada (r=0,514) entre el ROM del lado afectado tanto para la flexión como la abducción con la fuerza prensil. Destacan, un IMC de 28,91±5,31 kg/m2, un ICC de 0,86±0,06 cm y la presencia de escápula alada en el 36,7 % de las participantes. No se encontró asociación entre el abordaje quirúrgico y la presencia de escápula alada. Hubo secuelas morfo-funcionales en las mujeres en estudio, destacándose las alteraciones en el rango de movimiento del miembro superior, sobrepeso, riesgo cardiovascular y la presencia de escápula alada, sin asociarse al tipo de abordaje quirúrgico.

Surgical treatment of breast cancer can leave late sequelae such as winged scapula, loss of joint mobility of the shoulder, overweight, etc. Based on the above, the objective of the present study was to describe the morpho-functional sequelae in women operated on for breast cancer from the regions of Araucanía and Del BíoBío, Chile, also exploring whether the surgical procedure would lead to the presence of scapula winged. For this, a quantitative, observational and cross-sectional study was conducted in thirty women operated on for breast cancer, aged between 28 and 76 years (55.67 ± 11.60). A trained professional evaluated weight, height, body mass index (BMI), hip waist index (ICC), shoulder joint ranges(ROM, Range of Movement) and prehensile strength, and applied the Hoppenfeld test to identify the winged scapula. The results showed significant differences in the ROM to shoulder abduction (p <0.05), positive significant correlation of mild (r = 0.370) to moderate (r = 0.514) between the ROM of the affected side for both flexion and abduction with prehensile force. Highlights, a BMI of 28.91 ± 5.31 kg / m2, an ICC of 0.86 ± 0.06 cm and the presence of winged scapula in 36.7 % of the participants. No association was found between the surgical approach and the presence of the winged scapula. There were morphofunctional sequelae in the women under study, highlighting the alterations in the range of movement of the upper limb, overweight, cardiovascular risk and the presence of the winged scapula, without being associated with the type of surgical approach.

Reconstruções mamárias: estudo retrospectivo de 16 anos / Breast reconstructions: a 16-year retrospective study

Introdução: Câncer de mama é o segundo tipo mais comum de câncer entre mulheres no Brasil. Estimam-se 59.700 casos novos de câncer de mama para o biênio 2018-2019. Reconstrução mamária é um procedimento seguro e vários procedimentos cirúrgicos são descritos para sua realização: técnicas conservadoras, retalhos de vizinhança, materiais aloplásticos, retalhos miocutâneos pediculados e microcirúrgicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os casos de reconstrução mamária pósmastectomia por câncer de mama, realizados em um período de 16 anos. Métodos: Foi realizada revisão de prontuários de pacientes submetidas à reconstrução mamária pós-mastectomia por câncer de mama, no período de janeiro de 2002 a dezembro de 2017. Resultados: No período analisado, 586 pacientes foram submetidas à reconstrução mamária. Em 160 pacientes a reconstrução mamária foi realizada com retalho miocutâneo do músculo retoabdominal (TRAM), 107 com técnicas conservadoras, 156 com retalho miocutâneo do músculo grande dorsal (RGD), 113 com próteses e 50 secundárias. Previamente a outubro de 2007, a porcentagem de pacientes submetidas a cirurgias bilaterais, somando-se TRAM e RGD, era de 30%, e a partir desse período a porcentagem passou para 83,3%. Houve algum tipo de complicação ou intercorrência em 203 (34,64%) pacientes operadas, totalizando de 335 complicações. Grande maioria apresentou intercorrências tratadas ambulatorialmente sem necessidade de reabordagem cirúrgica. Conclusão: Houve aumento da incidência de cirurgias bilaterais, fato atribuído ao aumento das mastectomias profiláticas na mama contralateral e aumento do número de reconstruções utilizando RGD em comparação com o TRAM, bem como o aumento significativo das reconstruções com implante de silicone.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer among women in Brazil. An estimated 59,700 new cases of breast cancer were reported in the 2018­2019 biennium. Breast reconstruction is a safe procedure, and various surgical procedures have been described, including conservative techniques and use of neighborhood flaps, alloplastic materials, and pedicled and microsurgical myocutaneous flaps. The objective of this study was to analyze cases of breast reconstruction after mastectomy for breast cancer performed over a period of 16 years. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent breast reconstruction after mastectomy for breast cancer between January 2002 and December 2017. Results: Within the study period, 586 patients underwent breast reconstruction. Breast reconstruction was performed with a transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous muscle (TRAM) flap in 160 patients, with conservative techniques in 107 patients, with a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap (LDMF) in 156 patients, with prostheses in 113 patients, and secondarily in 50 patients. Before October 2007, the proportion of patients who underwent bilateral surgeries with a TRAM flap and LDMF was 30%, and since then, the percentage has increased to 83.3%. One or more types of complications occurred in 203 patients (34.64%) who underwent surgery, with a total of 335 complications . Most outpatient complications did not require surgical reassessment. Conclusion: The incidence of bilateral surgery increased, which is attributed to the increase in the number of prophylactic mastectomies in the contralateral breast and in the number of reconstructions using a LDMF compared with that using a TRAM flap. A significant increase in the number of reconstructions with silicone implants was also observed.

Linfedema asociado al cáncer de mama: factores de riesgo, diagnóstico y tratamiento quirúrgico / Breast cancer related lymphedema: risk factors, diagnosis and surgical treatment

Resumen El linfedema asociado al cáncer de mama es una de las complicaciones más subestimadas y debilitantes del tratamiento de esta entidad. Ocurre como resultado de la interrupción del flujo linfático en asociación a otros factores. La incidencia varía dependiendo del tipo tratamiento recibido, existiendo mayor riesgo en los casos en los que se realiza mastectomía total, disección axilar, radioterapia, y en los pacientes en los cuales los ganglios están positivos para cáncer, hubo una mayor cantidad de linfonodos resecados, se utilizaron taxanos o padecen de obesidad. El diagnóstico clínico y a través de técnicas de imágenes es fundamental para evaluar el estado funcional del sistema linfático. Los objetivos principales en el manejo del linfedema son limitar la morbilidad del paciente, mejorar la funcionalidad y la calidad de vida. Existen procedimientos que buscan prevenir el desarrollo del linfedema asociado al cáncer de mama. Una vez establecido, el tratamiento puede ser conservador y quirúrgico. El tratamiento quirúrgico incluye procedimientos fisiológicos (reconstructivos) y resectivos. El éxito depende de una buena selección de los pacientes y la realización de un tratamiento individualizado. A continuación, se presenta una revisión en cuanto a la incidencia, factores de riesgo, estrategias diagnósticas y técnicas quirúrgicas con énfasis en el tratamiento microquirúrgico.

Breast cancer related lymphedema is one of the most underestimated and debilitating complications of the treatment of this entity. Occurs as result of the interruption of the lymphatic flow in association with other factors. The incidence varies depending on the type of treatment received; being a higher risk in cases in which total mastectomy, axillary dissection, radiotherapy are performed; and in patients in whom the lymph nodes are positive for cancer, there was a greater number of harvested lymph nodes, taxanes were used or in obese patients. Clinical diagnosis and imaging techniques are essential to assess the functional status of the lymphatic system. The main objectives in the management of lymphedema are to limit patient morbidity, improve functionality and quality of life. There are procedures that seek to prevent the development of breast cancer related lymphedema. Once established, the treatment can be conservative and surgical. Surgical treatment includes physiological (reconstructive) and excisional procedures. Success depends on a good selection of patients and the performance of an individualized treatment. The following is a review regarding the incidence, risk factors, diagnostic strategies and surgical techniques with emphasis on microsurgical treatment.

Influência do posicionamento do retalho linfonodal vascularizado na resposta ao tratamento cirúrgico do linfedema secundário ao câncer de mama / Influence of vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) flap positioning on the response to breast cancer-related lymphedema treatment

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a experiência terapêutica inicial do transplante de linfonodos vascularizados em pacientes portadoras de linfedema de membros superiores secundário ao tratamento do câncer de mama e verificar se o posicionamento do transplante influencia o resultado cirúrgico. Métodos: ensaio prospectivo, comparativo, de duas modalidades terapêuticas em 24 pacientes portadoras de linfedema de membro superior após tratamento de câncer mamário, classificados como graus 2 e 3, segundo a Sociedade Internacional de Linfedema. Os dois tipos de procedimentos realizados foram: 1) reconstrução total da mama com retalho de perfurante da artéria epigástrica inferior (DIEP- deep inferior epigastric perforator flap) associado ao retalho linfonodal, em pacientes sem reconstrução mamária prévia ou com histórico de perda da reconstrução (posicionamento axilar); 2) retalho linfonodal inguinal isolado foi realizado em pacientes com reconstrução mamária finalizada ou sem o desejo de realizar a reconstrução da mama (posicionamento no punho). Resultados: a porcentagem de redução do volume do membro afetado foi de 20,1% (p=0,0370). O número de episódios infecciosos (celulites) também sofreu redução significativa, de 41% no período pré-operatório para 12,5% no pós-operatório (p=0,004). Não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos proximal e distal. Conclusão: o transplante de linfonodos afetou positivamente a evolução pós-operatória de pacientes portadoras de linfedema secundário ao câncer de mama. Não foram observadas diferenças em relação ao posicionamento do retalho.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the initial therapeutic experience of transplantation of vascularized lymph nodes in patients with lymphedema of the upper limbs secondary to the treatment of breast cancer, and to verify if the positioning of the transplant influences the surgical result. Methods: we conducted a prospective, comparative test of two therapeutic modalities, with 24 patients with lymphedema of the upper limb after breast cancer treatment, classified as grades 2 and 3, according to the International Lymphedema Society. The two types of procedures performed were: 1) total breast reconstruction with - deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap associated with lymph node flap, in patients with no previous breast reconstruction or loss of previous reconstruction (axillary positioning); 2) isolated inguinal lymph node flap performed in patients with completed breast reconstruction or without the desire to perform the breast reconstruction (wrist positioning). Results: the reduction percentage of the affected limb volume was 20.1% (p=0.0370). The number of infectious episodes (cellulites) also decreased significantly, from 41% in the preoperative period to 12.5% in the postoperative one (p=0.004). There were no differences between the proximal and distal groups. Conclusion: the transplantation of lymph nodes positively affected the postoperative evolution of patients with lymphedema secondary to breast cancer. We observed no differences in relation to flap positioning.

Náusea y vómito postoperatorio en pacientes sometidos a cirugía de mama / Postoperative nausea and vomiting after mastectomy

BACKGROUND: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are a frequent problem in surgical patients, with an incidence of 50% and 30% respectively. In patients with the risk of presenting this complication, the incidence frows up to 80%. PONV can extend the length of stay in the postoperative recovery unit with the time of surgery. Each episode of vomiting can increase the stay in a postoperative recovery unit by 20 minutes. In addition, the main cause of hospitalization is not scheduled in the context of outpatient surgery. The anesthesiologist before a mastectomy must determine the strategies according to the pathology, proposing the necessary resources to avoid the presence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in the patient in outpatient surgery of the breast in the ambulatory surgery unit of the National Cancer Institute. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out in which the clinical files of the patients of the National Institute of Cancerology were reviewed and a surgical procedure with the diagnosis of breast cancer in the outpatient surgery unit was scheduled. a period comprised between May 1 and October 15, 2017. The descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed in SPSS version 23. RESULTS: 165 women with an average age of 52.8 ± 11.2 years were included, 154 were send home (93.4%), the remaining 11 patients (6.7%) required hospitalization for pain (4.2%), pain and hematoma (1.8%). and re intervention (0.6%), none for PONV. A history of nausea and vomiting was observed in 21.2%. Only 3 patients presented postoperative nausea and vomiting (1.8%). Antiemetic treatment was applied in all patients with a combination of any of three drugs (metoclopramide, dexamethasone and ondansetron). A history of nausea and vomiting was found to be a risk factor for PONV with an MRI of 28.1 (1.42 ­ 55.8); the second risk factor was to receive RM-isolated chemotherapy of 22.6 (1.14 ­ 44.8) and the third risk factor was to receive some treatment (QT, RT or QT + RT) MRI of 15.2 (0.77-29.9). CONCLUSIONS: In our study we observed a very low rate of PONV and it was possible to demonstrate that the pre-medication prior to the surgical event in patients with breast cancer significantly decreases the presence and control of postoperative nausea and vomiting, improving comfort during their Hospital stay and immediate discharge. It is necessary to carry out studies that deepen these findings in our population and allow to discriminate in an experimental, prospective and longitudinal design the effectiveness of the pharmacological treatment of PONV.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La náusea y vómito postoperatorio (NVPO) son un problema frecuente en los pacientes quirúrgicos, con una incidencia de 50% y de 30% respectivamente. En pacientes con alto riesgo de presentar esta complicación pueden aumentar la incidencia de hasta 80%. La NVPO puede prolongar significativamente el tiempo de estadía en la Unidad de Recuperación Posoperatoria con incremento de forma relevante en los costos de la cirugía. Cada episodio de vómitos puede llegar a aumentar en 20 min la estadía en una Unidad de Recuperación Posoperatoria. Además, son la principal causa de hospitalización no programada en el contexto de la cirugía ambulatoria. El anestesiólogo ante una cirugía de mama debe determinar las estrategias de acuerdo con la patología, proponiendo los recursos necesarios para evitar la presencia de náusea y vomito posoperatorio. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la incidencia de náusea y vomito posoperatorio en el paciente sometido a cirugía ambulatoria de mama en la unidad de cirugía ambulatoria del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, transversal y retrospectivo en el que se revisaron los expedientes clínicos de pacientes del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología programadas a procedimiento quirúrgico con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama en la unidad de cirugía ambulatoria, en un período comprendido entre el 1 de mayo al 15 de octubre de 2017. Se realizó el análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial en SPSS versión 23. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 165 mujeres con edad promedio de 52,8 ± 11,2 años, 154 fueron egresados a su domicilio (93,4%), las restantes 11 pacientes (6,7%) requirieron internamiento por dolor (4,2%), dolor y hematoma (1,8%) y re intervención (0,6%), ninguna por NVPO. Se observó antecedente de náusea y vómito en 21,2%. Solo 3 pacientes se presentaron náuseas y vómito postoperatorios (1,8%). El tratamiento antiemético se aplicó en todas las pacientes con una combinación de cualquiera de tres fármacos (metoclopramida, dexametasona y ondansetrón). El antecedente de náusea y vómito, resultó ser un factor de riesgo para presentar NVPO con una RM de 28,1 (1,42-55,8); el segundo factor de riesgo fue recibir quimioterapia aislada RM de 22,6 (1,14-44,8) y el tercer factor de riesgo fue recibir algún tratamiento (QT, RT o QT + RT) RM de 15,2 (0,77-29,9). CONCLUSIONES: En nuestro estudio observamos una tasa muy baja de NVPO y fue posible demostrar que la pre-medicación previa al evento quirúrgico en pacientes con cáncer de mama disminuye de manera significativa la presencia y control de náusea y vómito post operatorio mejorando el confort durante su estancia hospitalaria y su egreso inmediato. Es necesario realizar estudios que profundicen en estos hallazgos en nuestra población y permitan discriminar en un diseño experimental, prospectivo y longitudinal la efectividad del tratamiento farmacológico de las NVPO.

Reconstrução mamária em mulheres jovens e suas peculiaridades / Breast reconstruction in young women and their peculiarities

Introdução: O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar as principais características e métodos utilizados na reconstrução mamária de mulheres jovens, considerando suas peculiaridades. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão retrospectiva dos prontuários das pacientes submetidas à mastectomia seguida de reconstrução mamária no período de janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2015, sendo selecionados aqueles cuja reconstrução foi realizada em mulheres de até 40 anos de idade. Resultados: 43 pacientes foram selecionadas. A média de idade foi de 33,86 anos. Grande parte possuía alguma comorbidade, sendo as mais comuns o sobrepeso e o transtorno ansioso/depressivo. Quatorze pacientes tinham história familiar da doença. A maioria obteve o diagnóstico de carcinoma ductal invasor. Tratamentos oncológicos complementares foram realizados em grande parte dos casos. Todas as pacientes foram submetidas à mastectomia total na mama portadora da neoplasia, sendo que em 16 houve a opção pela mastectomia redutora de risco contralateral. Do total de 43 reconstruções, 36 foram imediatas e 7 tardias; sendo 17 reconstruídos com implantes mamários, 13 com expansores teciduais, 4 com TRAM e 9 com GD. Houve 15 complicações, sendo as mais graves um caso de infecção com perda da reconstrução e um caso de necrose de aréola. Conclusões: Mulheres jovens submetidas à reconstrução mamária representam um subgrupo populacional com características próprias. Os padrões tumorais, pessoais e sociais diferem e, com base nesta imensa lista de variáveis, as possibilidades de tratamento são diversas. Em nossa casuística, o emprego de implantes mamários e expansores teciduais foi realizado com maior frequência neste subgrupo de pacientes.

Introduction: To evaluate the main features and methods used in breast reconstruction in young women considering their unique characteristics. Methods: A retrospective records review of patients who underwent mastectomy followed by breast reconstruction between January 2008 and December 2015 was conducted, selecting those reconstructions that were performed in women younger than 40 years. Results: Forty-three patients were selected. The average age was 33.86 years. Many had some comorbidities, the most common being overweight and anxiety/ depressive disorder. Fourteen patients had a family history of the disease. Most were diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma. Additional cancer treatments were administered in most cases. All patients underwent a full mastectomy in the breast with cancer, and in 16, there was the option of contralateral risk-reducing mastectomy. Of the 43 reconstructions, 36 were immediate and 7 were delayed, and 17 involved use of implants, 13 involved use of tissue expanders, 4 involved the TRAM, and 9 involved the GD. We observed 15 complications; the most severe were infection with reconstruction loss in one patient and areola necrosis in another. Conclusions: Young women undergoing breast reconstruction represent a population subgroup with its own characteristics. The tumors and personal and social patterns differ, and based on this long list of variables, treatment options are diverse. In our series, breast implants and tissue expanders were often most used.

Reconstrucción mamaria posmastectomía con colgajo miocutáneo de dorsal ancho y expansión tisular / Posmastectomy breast reconstruction with latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap and tissue expander

Introducción: El colgajo miocutáneo de dorsal ancho es una excelente opción para reconstruir la mama mutilada por enfermedad oncológica, pero tiene limitaciones en cuanto al volumen del implante a utilizar que garantice el cierre directo de la zona a tratar. De ahí que se consideró realizar este estudio utilizando el colgajo dorsal con un expansor mamario en el primer tiempo quirúrgico y luego la colocación del implante definitivo. Objetivo: caracterizar la experiencia de la reconstrucción mamaria con colgajo miocutáneo de músculo dorsal ancho y expansión tisular. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo longitudinal prospectivo de aquellas pacientes consultadas en el servicio de reconstructiva del Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología (INOR) de La Habana, por presentar mastectomía por cáncer de mama. Se reconstruyeron a 20 pacientes, utilizando el colgajo miocutáneo de dorsal ancho con la utilización de expansor mamario. Luego de terminada la infiltración del expansor se esperaron 2 meses y se realizó el cambio del expansor por el implante definitivo y la remodelación de la mama contralateral. Resultados: el promedio de edad en el estudio fue de 43 años y el mayor porciento de casos se presentó entre las edades de 40 a 50 años. El tratamiento de la mama contralateral varió según las características de la misma y los deseos de la paciente. Se observaron complicaciones inmediatas como necrosis parcial del colgajo y complicaciones mediatas y tardías como extrusión y rotura del expansor. Se lograron resultados estéticos buenos y la mayoría de las pacientes manifestaron estar satisfechas con el proceder y con los resultados obtenidos. Conclusiones: todas las mujeres pudieron ser reconstruidas con adecuados resultados estéticos y algunas se favorecieron con mayor volumen de sus mamas(AU)

Introduction: the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap is an excellent option to reconstruct the breast mutilated for oncologic disease, but it has limitations regarding the volume of the implant to be used that guarantees the direct closure of the area to be treated. Hence, we considered to perform this study using the dorsal flap with a breast expander in the first time and then in a second time the placement of the definitive implant. Objective: to characterize the experience of breast reconstruction with myocutaneous flap of broad dorsal muscle and tissue expansion. Method: aprospective, longitudinal, descriptive study was carried out on patients consulted at the Reconstructive Service of National Institute for Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR) of Havana, for mastectomy due to breast cancer. 20 patients were reconstructed using the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap and a breast expander. After expiratory infiltration of the expander, we waited two months, and the expander change was made, using the definitive implant and remodeling of the contralateral breast. Results: the mean age in the study was 43 years and the highest percentage of cases were at ages 40-50 years. Treatment of the contralateral breast varied according to their characteristics and the patients' desires. Immediate complications were observed, such as partial necrosis of the flap and mediating and late complications such as extrusion and rupture of the expander. Good aesthetic results were achieved and most patients stated that they were satisfied with the procedure and the outcomes obtained. Conclusions: all women could be reconstructed with adequate esthetic outcomes and some were favored with greater volume of their breasts(AU)

Avaliação das simetrizações imediatas em reconstrução de mama / Assessment of immediate symmetrization in breast reconstruction

Introdução: O tratamento cirúrgico do câncer de mama resulta com frequência em mutilação. A reconstrução de mama em mulheres mastectomizadas objetiva criar nova mama esteticamente aceitável e simétrica à mama contralateral. O objetivo deste estudo é estudar a viabilidade da simetrização da mama contralateral simultaneamente à reconstrução de mama, discutir possíveis complicações e fazer uma breve revisão da literatura. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo realizado no Serviço de Cirurgia Plástica do Hospital Daher, de outubro de 2013 a fevereiro de 2015. Avaliadas as reconstruções mamárias imediatas pós-mastectomia por câncer de mama e selecionadas para inclusão todas as pacientes submetidas à simetrização da mama oposta no mesmo tempo cirúrgico, com mesma técnica cirúrgica e análise estatística. Resultados: Estudados 42 pacientes dentro dos critérios estabelecidos, totalizando 21 reconstruções com simetrização simultânea (Grupo 1) e 21 simetrizações em dois tempos (Grupo 2). A média de idade foi de 53,86 anos para o Grupo 1 e 52,62 anos para o grupo controle. Os grupos foram comparáveis para todas as variáveis. Os dados referentes às complicações pósoperatórias foram analisados. De todas as pacientes estudadas, algumas não finalizaram todas as etapas da reconstrução. O grupo que realizou simetrização imediata alcançou mais simetria. Pacientes com até 45 anos e com índice de massa corporal menor alcançaram mais simetria no Grupo 1. Conclusão: A execução de procedimentos de simetrização no mesmo tempo de uma reconstrução de mama unilateral está associada a baixa taxa de complicação e de cirurgias de revisão. Em casos selecionados, a simetrização imediata pode ser preferível ao procedimento em outra etapa cirúrgica.

Introduction: The surgical treatment of breast cancer frequently results in mutilation. Breast reconstruction in mastectomized women aims to create a new esthetically acceptable breast symmetrical to the contralateral breast. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of symmetrization of the contralateral breast simultaneously with breast reconstruction, discuss possible complications, and perform a brief review of the literature. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Plastic Surgery of Hospital Daher from October 2013 to February 2015. Breast reconstruction outcomes immediately after mastectomy for breast cancer were assessed, and all patients undergoing symmetrization of the contralateral breast in the same surgical stage using the same surgical technique were selected for inclusion and statistical analysis. Results: The study comprised 42 patients within the established criteria, totaling 21 reconstructions with simultaneous symmetrization (Group 1) and 21 symmetrization procedures in two stages (Group 2). The mean age was 53.86 years in Group 1 and 52.62 years in the control group. The groups were comparable in all variables. Data regarding postoperative complications were analyzed. Some of the studied patients did not complete all stages of reconstruction. The group that underwent immediate symmetrization attained more symmetry. The patients aged 45 years and with lower body mass index attained more symmetry in Group 1. Conclusion: The implementation of symmetrization procedures at the same stage of unilateral breast reconstruction is associated with low complication rates and revision surgeries. In selected cases, immediate symmetrization may be preferable to the procedure in another surgical stage.

Hiperplasia estromal pseudoangiomatosa: caso raro em menina de 11 anos / Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia: rare case in an 11-year-old girl

A Hiperplasia Estromal Pseudoangiomatosa (PASH) é uma doença benigna caracterizada pela proliferação excessiva de fibroblastos e miofibroblastos, podendo levar a um crescimento mamário importante. A apresentação é rara, em especial ocasionando necessidade de mastectomia em pacientes jovens. O estudo apresentou o relato de caso raro de uma paciente de 11 anos de idade, com hipertrofia mamária de rápida progressão, com necessidade de mastectomia e posteriormente mamoplastia de aumento para completa reinserção social.

Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia is a benign disease characterized by excessive proliferation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, which can lead to significant breast growth. The presentation is rare, especially among young women and cases requiring mastectomy. This report describes a rare case of an 11-year-old female patient with rapidly progressing mammary hypertrophy, who needed mastectomy and then mammoplasty for complete social integration.

Avaliação oncológica após reconstrução mamária com lipoenxertia / Oncologic evaluation after breast reconstruction with fat grafting

Introdução: A reconstrução mamária é etapa fundamental no tratamento de pacientes com câncer de mama, sendo a lipoenxertia um importante recurso para melhora no resultado estético. Todavia, recentemente, alguns autores têm questionado a segurança da lipoenxertia, sugerindo que essa técnica possa aumentar o risco de recidiva tumoral local. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, tipo coorte transversal, realizado por meio de revisão de prontuários médicos de pacientes submetidas a reconstrução mamária com lipoenxertia pela Divisão de Cirurgia Plástica do Hospital das Clínicas da FMRP-USP, no período de 2006 a 2010. Resultados: Foram selecionadas 18 pacientes, sendo que oito (44%) apresentaram tumor do tipo histológico ductal. Três pacientes (17%) foram submetidas a quimioterapia neoadjuvante, sendo que destas, duas (11%) foram submetidas também a quimioterapia adjuvante; nove (50%) foram submetidas apenas a quimioterapia adjuvante. Onze pacientes (61%) foram submetidas a radioterapia adjuvante, e treze (72%) fizeram tratamento hormonal. Quanto à reconstrução da mama, oito pacientes (44,4%) realizaram TRAM, seis (33,3%), expansor mais prótese e quatro (22,2%), grande dorsal mais prótese. O número de sessões de lipoenxertia variou entre um e quatro. Não foi identificado nenhum caso de recidiva tumoral locorregional. Conclusão: Não foi evidenciado nenhum caso de recidiva tumoral locorregional, o que acrescenta, até o momento, confiabilidade e segurança à lipoenxertia como arsenal para os procedimentos que visam melhorar os resultados da reconstrução mamária após o tratamento oncológico.

Introduction: Breast reconstruction is an essential step in the treatment of patients with breast cancer. Fat grafting is an important resource for improved esthetic results. Recently, however, some authors have questioned the safety of fat grafting, suggestoncolóing that this technique can increase the risk of local tumor recurrence. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional cohort study was conducted through a review of medical records of patients who underwent breast reconstruction with fat grafting by the Plastic Surgery Division of the Clinical Hospital of the Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), from 2006 to 2010. Results: We selected 18 patients, of whom eight (44%) had ductal carcinoma by histology. Three patients (17%) underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and of these, two (11%) were also subjected to adjuvant chemotherapy. Nine (50%) received only adjuvant chemotherapy. Eleven patients (61%) underwent adjuvant radiotherapy, and thirteen (72%) had hormonal therapy. For breast reconstruction, eight patients (44.4%) underwent a transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap procedure, six (33.3%) had an expander and prostheses, and four (22.2%) underwent a procedure with the latissimus dorsi muscle flap and prostheses. The number of fat grafting sessions ranged from one to four. No cases of locoregional recurrence of breast cancer were identified. Conclusion: There has been no evidence of locoregional recurrence to date, demonstrating that fat grafting is a reliable and safe procedure for improving the results of breast reconstruction after cancer treatment.

Qualidade de vida em pacientes submetidas à reconstrução de mama com retalho miocutâneo transverso do reto abdominal / Quality of life in patients undergoing transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap breast reconstruction

Introdução: A reconstrução de mama visa melhorar a qualidade de vida das pacientes que se submeteram à mastectomia, e o uso do retalho miocutâneo transverso do abdome (TRAM) é uma opção valiosa. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência da reconstrução mamária tardia com o retalho TRAM na qualidade de vida das pacientes. Método: 30 pacientes com câncer de mama, mastectomizadas foram incluídas neste estudo transversal. 15 delas (Grupo Estudo - GE) foram submetidas à reconstrução mamária com retalho TRAM seis meses antes, e as outras 15 (Grupo Controle - GC) foram programadas para a operação. Para avaliar a qualidade de vida, foi utilizado a versão brasileira do Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-form Health SurveyQuestionnaire (SF-36). Os dados foram comparados estatisticamente. Resultados: Em comparação com o GC, as pacientes do GE apresentaram melhores escores do SF-36 nos domínios: aspecto social (p<0.001), saúde mental (p=0.002) e estado geral de saúde (p=0.008). Nenhuma significância estatística foi alcançada para os outros domínios do SF-36. Conclusão: A reconstrução mamária tardia com retalho TRAM tem influência positiva na qualidade de vida das pacientes.

Introduction: Breast reconstruction is intended to improve the quality of life of patients who underwent mastectomy, and the use of the Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous (TRAM) flap is a valuable option. Objective: To assess the influence of delayed TRAM flap breast reconstruction on patient's quality of life. Methods: 30 breast cancer patients who had undergone mastectomy were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Fifty of them (Study Group - SG) had undergone delayed TRAM flap breast reconstruction six months before, and the other 15 (Control Group) were scheduled for the operation. To assess quality of life, the Brazilian version of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-form Health Survey (SF-36) was used. Data were statistically compared. Results: Compared to CG, patients in SG had better quality of life scores for the SF-36 domains social aspect (p<0.001), mental health (p=0.002) and general health (p=0.008). No statistical significances were reached for the other SF-36 domains. Conclusion: The delayed TRAM flap breast reconstruction had a positive influence on patient's quality of life.

Avaliação da postura e dos movimentos articulares dos membros superiores de pacientes pós-mastectomia e linfadenectomia / Assessment of posture and joint movements of the upper limbs of patients after mastectomy and lymphadenectomy

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as alterações posturais e de amplitudes de movimento de membro superior nas mulheres pós-mastectomia e linfadenectomia que se submeteram à radioterapia como tratamento adjuvante. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados dois grupos: 16 mulheres pós-mastectomia com linfedema de membro superior e 14 mulheres pós-mastectomia sem linfedema. As pacientes foram submetidas à avaliação feita por programas computadorizados, um para postura e outro para medir as amplitudes de movimento de ombro, cotovelo e punho. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados entre lado direito e esquerdo, e operado e não operado, sendo submetidos a testes estatísticos. RESULTADOS: Ambos os grupos apresentaram anteriorização de tronco. As mulheres com linfedema mostraram rotação de cabeça à direita, protusão de ombro do lado esquerdo e medidas do ângulo de talhe menores do lado operado, além de elevação da escápula bilateralmente, quando comparadas ao grupo sem linfedema. As alterações de amplitude de movimento também foram menores do lado operado na flexão, abdução e rotação externa de ombro para todas as mulheres e, para aquelas que tinham linfedema, a extensão de cotovelo e a flexão de punho tiveram menor amplitude de movimento. CONCLUSÃO: Mulheres que foram submetidas à mastectomia apresentaram assimetrias e alterações de postura, e o linfedema parece agravar essa condição. Além disso, apresentaram déficits de amplitude de movimento em ombros, do lado operado. Mulheres com linfedema exibiram também déficits em cotovelo e punho.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate alterations in posture and range of motion of the upper limbs in women after mastectomy and lymphadenectomy, submitted to radiotherapy as adjuvant treatment. METHODS: Two groups were evaluated: 16 post-mastectomy women with lymphedema of the upper limb and 14 post-mastectomy women without lymphedema. Patients were submitted to analysis made by software, one for posture and the other to measure ranges of movement of the shoulder, elbow, and wrists. The results obtained were compared between the right and left sides, and operated and non-operated sides, and then were submitted to statistical tests. RESULTS: Both groups presented with anteriorization of the trunk. The women with lymphedema had head rotation to the right, protrusion of the left shoulder, and trunk inclination angle smaller on the operated side, besides bilateral elevation of the scapula when compared to the group with no lymphedema. Changes in range of motion were also smaller on the operated side in terms of flexion, abduction, and external rotation of the shoulder for all women, and for those with lymphedema, elbow extension and wrist flexion had a smaller range of motion. CONCLUSION: Women submitted to mastectomy presented with asymmetries and modifications in posture, and lymphedema seemed to worsen this condition. Additionally, they had deficits in range of motion in the shoulders on the operated side. Women with lymphedema also showed deficits in the elbows and wrist.

Efeitos da intervenção Hatha-Yoga nos níveis de estresse e ansiedade em mulheres mastectomizadas / The effects of hatha yoga exercises on stress and anxiety levels in mastectomized women

O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar os efeitos da Hatha-Yoga nos níveis de estresse e ansiedade de mulheres mastectomizadas, bem como examinar a relação destes níveis com as variáveis: idade, estado civil, religião, escolaridade, profissão, tabagismo, etilismo, estadiamento da doença e fase de tratamento. Trata-se de um ensaio clínico aleatorizado controlado cuja amostra foi constituída por 45 mulheres mastectomizadas atendidas no Ambulatório Ilza Bianco do Hospital Santa Rita de Cássia, Espírito Santo, Brasil, de março a novembro de 2010. O grupo experimental participou de 6 intervenções aplicadas individualmente com incentivo para a prática domiciliar e foi reavaliado após esse período, enquanto o grupo controle foi reavaliado em período proporcional. Para o estudo das variáveis, foi utilizada a técnica de entrevista com registro em formulário, os Inventários de Ansiedade Traço e Estado e o Sinais e Sintomas de Stress. Para o tratamento estatístico foi utilizado o Pacote Estatístico para Ciências Sociais. Os dados encontrados são estatisticamente significantes e demonstraram que a intervenção Hatha-Yoga diminuiu o estresse e a ansiedade no grupo experimental. Não foi encontrada relação das variáveis de confundimento com os níveis de ansiedade e estresse.

This article seeks to evaluate the effects of hatha yoga on stress and anxiety levels in mastectomized women. It also investigates the relationship between these levels with the following variables: age; marital status; religion; instruction; profession; smoke addiction; elitism; staging of the disease; and treatment phase. This involved controlled random clinical trial sampling of 45 mastectomized women treated at the Ilza Bianco outpatient service of Santa Rita de Cássia Hospital in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo from March to November 2010. The experimental group participated in 6 individually-applied sessions with incentive for ongoing home practice and was re-evaluated after the period, whereas the control group was re-evaluated after a proportional period. For the study of the variables, the interview and recording on a form technique was used, along with the Anxiety Trait and State Test, and the Stress Symptoms and Signs Test. For statistical treatment, the Statistical Pack for Social Sciences was used. The data are statistically significant and have shown that hatha yoga exercises decrease stress and anxiety in the experimental group. No connection between confounding variables and anxiety and stress levels was found.